![]() ![]() Woodrow JC, Nichol FE, Zaphiropoulos G (1981) DR antigens and rheumatoid arthritis: a study of two populations. Arthritis Rheum 24:976–977Īlarcon GS, Koopman WJ, Acton RT, Barger BO (1983) DR antigen distribution in blacks with rheumatoid arthritis. Gorodezky C, Lavalle C, Castro-Escobar LE, Miranda-Limon JM, Escobar-Gutierrez A (1981) HLA antigens in Mexican patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis. (1982) Association between HLA and Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nakai Y, Wakisaka A, Aizawa M, Itakura K, Nakai H, Ohashi A (1981) HLA and rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese. Stastny P (1976) Mixed lymphocyte cultures in rheumatoid arthritis. mirabilis in the etiopathogenesis of RA even in early cases.Ĭarty SM, Snowden N, Silman AJ (2003) Should infection still be considered as the most likely triggering factor for rheumatoid arthritis? J Rheumatol 30:425–429 ![]() Our findings support the possibility for specific involvement of P. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the antibody levels against Proteus bacteria only and both EQRRAA and ESRRAL peptides. ![]() marcescens or against the control peptide. In contrast, no difference either in the total or in any of the isotypic antibodies were observed between these groups when serum samples were screened against each of E. mirabilis and antibodies against both EQRRAA and ESSRAL peptides were detected in sera of Finnish patients with early and advanced RA, and in Japanese patients from Otsu or Tokyo compared to their corresponding control groups. Significantly elevated levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to P. These samples were also tested for the determination of levels of isotypic antibodies against the shared epitope involving 16-mer synthetic peptides containing the EQRRAA or ESSRAL sequences and compared to scrambled control peptide by using an enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay method. Serum samples from Finnish patients with early ( n=72) and advanced ( n=27) RA and 30 Finnish healthy controls, as well as from Japanese RA patients from two different locations: Tokyo ( n=30) and Otsu ( n=30), 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 23 Japanese healthy controls were all screened for the total, and class-specific (IgG, IgA and IgM) antibodies against Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Bacterial and peptide immune responses in patients with RA and other control subjects were investigated in two geographically different populations. It has been suggested that Proteus infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ![]()
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